Law And Case Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law And Policy - Case Study Example An examination of the present legal environment reveals the effectiveness of policies in safeguarding business information and information systems. More than ever before, businesses are rapidly globalizing their operations due to the expansion of e-commerce abilities. This has resulted in the emergence of robust information systems that encompass vast quantities of business-related information. As a consequence, businesses have increasingly started depending on third-party vendors for diverse business operations, posing immense challenges to information security. Vendors such as contractors need to guarantee protection of valuable customer data. Complex systems are needed to handle these complex business opportunities and challenges. Consequently, information security policies are essential to effective everyday business operations. Policies encompass both government polices and organizational polices. With regard to government policies, the US is renowned for its development and imp lementation of robust information security legislation to deter exploitation and misuse of information and information systems and technology. Such legislation provides a reliable business environment, ensuring a stable economy (IT Governance Institute, 2004). Prominent government policies on information security include the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFA Act), which is the foundation of most computer and information-related federal laws. The 1996 National Information Infrastructure Protection Act amended the 1986 law, increasing penalties for information-related crimes. The degree of the penalties imposed depends on the essence of the information acquired and used and whether or not the information-related offense was committed for commercial advantage, personal financial gain or the perpetuation of a criminal act, for instance, fraud. The US Patriotic Act has modified various laws, allowing greater latitude to law enforcement agencies in order to deter terrorism-related ac tivities that encompass the use of information and information system; for instance, making information available for terrorist activities. However, perhaps some of the most important government legislation that govern information dissemination, confidentiality and integrity include the 1996 Telecommunications Deregulation and Competition Act, which regulates telecommunications, both foreign and interstate (IT Governance Institute, 2004). Additionally, the 1966 Freedom of Information Act facilitates disclosure of formerly unreleased documents or information controlled by the government, for instance, tax records. In order to protect businesses against illegal access to stored information on business and personal communications, the government established the Unlawful Access to Stored Communications. This law is particularly important since it deters access and dissemination of business and personal communications, especially those carrying vital business details. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which was last amended in 2006, helps to deter computer-related acts of unlawful information use, dissemination and access (IT Governance In

Grapes of Wrath Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grapes of Wrath Book Review - Essay Example The condition was so ghastly and it had ruined the crops and instigated massive foreclosure on the land. The time was harder particularly in Oklahoma. It was a faulty farming method and drought which resulted into wind erosion of the topsoil. Consequently the Great Plains in the region became â€Å"The Dust Bowl.† â€Å"The Dust Bowl was caused by agricultural malpractices as well as years of sustained drought and incessant strong winds.† (Bernd Steiner 2007) It was the worst condition especially for the tenant farmers. They had been pushed off their land, as they were not able to pay the rent to the banks. Many agricultural workers left for California in search of a rich and fertile land. The journey towards California is very long and gruelling. Grandpa of the family does not want to live his original place and he is constantly complaining bitterly. He dies during their journey. Sairy is sick and showed inability to move forward to the journey. Their dreams of good fo rtune get shattered as soon as they reached to California. The number of jobs was lesser than the number of farmers, i.e. 800 jobs against 20,000 people. The entire family experienced another adversity of life when they reached to California. ... Tom Joad is the protagonist of this novel. He is a man of thirty and has just come out of prison. He had been convicted for murdering a man during a fight four years back. He is good natured and a source of vitality for his family, apart from his 4 years’ stay in prison. He earns honour from his family as well as from the other workers whom he assembled together to form workers’ organization. Other characters include Tom’s parents Ma Joad and Pa Joad. Ma Joad is like a citadel of the family. Pa Joad though sensible and good natured, sometimes feels ashamed of his weaker position. Jim Casy is depicted as a former preacher and a staunch friend of Tom. Rose of Sharon is the eldest daughter of Ma and Pa Joads and she is depicted earlier as a romantic lady but then she has to face many troubles in her life. She faces harsh realities after the death of her new born baby, and the abandonment from her husband, she become quite matured and sensible. She represents the har sh life of the migrants. The character of Joad’s grandfather is sketched in a black shade. He is violent tempered and mean. This meanness is now limited to his tongue, probably due to his old age. He gets pleasure in tormenting others by his harsh talk. Unlike him his wife Grandma Joad is pious. Ivy and Sairy Wilson is a good couple who met the Joads during their journey to California. They helped them by lending their tents to the Joad family so that Grandpa could have got comfortable place to die. There was a good relationship and mutual cooperation between the two families. Other members of Joad family included Tom’s elder brother Noah, uncle John, and second younger daughter Ruthie and Winfield Joad. Muley Graves is another character who is the

Analysis of Nietzsches Concept of Genealogy

Analysis of Nietzsches Concept of Genealogy Introduction: Michel Foucault (October 1926-June 1984) was a French philosopher, historian, social theorist, philologist and literary critic. In 1945, Foucault travelled to Paris, where he enrolled himself in a prestigious secondary school, Lyciee-Henry-IV. Foucault adopted conviction of philosopher, Jean Hyppolite, an existentialist and expert in uniting existentialist theories with the reasoning theories of Hegel and Karl Marx, that philosophy must be developed through a study of history. Foucault desired to be a fellow member in College de Paris, where he became one, taking up the chair in the History of Systems of Thought. Foucault, in his late interview, called himself a Nietzschean. Which is well elucidated by the fact, that Foucaults genealogy of knowledge is direct inkling of Nietzsches genealogy of morality. In 2007 Foucault was listed as the most cited scholar in the humanities by The Times Higher Education Guide. [text courtesy Wikipedia] In this essay (Nietzsche, Genealogy, History) Foucault explores genealogy through Nietzsche, and exposit on his own profound understanding of the genealogical method. Genealogy is precise conscientious attention to details, and a patiently documentation. Basically, Genealogy is boring. If the analysis is not just based on paperwork, observations and interview transcripts can be added, which mix a manifold of different context in a confusing order. These perplexed documents, observations and interview transcripts need to be ordered in time and space. That is, the pieces must be ordered in regard to almanac, context and actors. A major task, since genealogy also requires a major accretion of source material. Therefore, genealogy is boring unless one likes the vapid work of going through every single page to page, piece by piece in order to place them in the right almanac and context. It is also very time-consuming and a vex mental burden, tiresome since the genealogist from time to time feels that he is not getting anywhere. But genealogy is, at the same time, exciting. It gives a great overall overview and touch with the material and is thus an exc iting material and detailed different to the abstractions the unitary sciences have produced so many of. Often, it is experienced that the absolute ordering of pieces in time and space gives a totally different view of the process than expected. Much of the material does speak for itself, Really! Often, it is proclaimed how beautiful words turn out to be less beautiful in the true, real world. Thus, with its painstaking procedures, genealogy to some extent avoids chicanery. In itself, this is a z great reason for doing it. Further, Foucault argues about the monotonous finality this is really what it is all about. Events must be recorded individually of any unifying and thereby systematizing theory. Events are what they are, and nothing else. It can also have represented in a manner that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦monotonous finality is basically rewriting of what Nietzsche called monumental history. He theorizes that the monumental history as a construct that represents the great moments in the struggle of a human individual which constitute a chain which unites the mankind across the millennial like a range of human mountains pinnacle. Foucault writes that genealogy does not obstruct itself to history, but rather opposes itself to a search for origins, and rejects the metahistorical deployment of ideal significations and indefinite teleologys As a genealogist, Nietzsche opposed the pursuit of the genesis (Ursprung) because it relies on a metaphysical faith in purest plausibilitys () the existence of immobile forms that precede the external world of mishap and succession. () the image of a primordial truth fully adequate to its nature, and it necessitates the removal of every mask to ultimately disclose an original identity. We erroneously attribute the originwith a moment of greatest infallible, the first morning that precedes the Fall in our merely human hands; the search for origin plays out our own want for a divine birth. However, historical beginnings are lowly. Absconding metaphysics and turning to history, Foucault suggests that one discovers not a timeless and essential dern, but the secret that they have no essence or that their essence was fabricated in a piecemeal fashion from alien forms. Genealogy is anti-essentialist and disinterested in metaphysical origins: What is found at the historical commencement of t hings is not the inviolable identity of their genesis; it is the dissension of other things. It is disparity. Most problematic, the origin makes plausible a field of knowledge whose function is to recover it, but always in a spurious recognition due to the excesses of its own speech. The origin believes itself to be the site of inescapable loss, a moment when the truth of the object corresponded to the truth of its discourse. History, rather, constrain a reversal of this relationship and the oversight of adolescent quests: behind the always recent, avaricious, and measured fidelity, it posits the ancient escalation of errors. Truth, then, is an error. The genealogist needs history to dispel the chimeras of the genesis. Here Foucault suggests that the genealogist must be able to recognize the events of history (even the ones we wish to clandestine) as well as diagnose the illness of the body, its vincibility, fortitude, and breakdowns, since history is the body of a development. Herkunft- Descent Herkunft is translated as descent and it confine that phenomena like truth, group, and even individuals are not to be thought of as unified phenomena. Instead of that, it allows the sorting out of different attributes that contributed to the phenomena. An examination will focus on the profusion of events which made their contribution to descent. In this sense, genealogy is aimed at fragmenting what was thought unified and unmovable. It will unveil the heterogeneity behind Herkunft. This constitutes the very first task of the genealogist. The sorting out of the different attributes/traits which have had any significance. The criterion for determining what is significant is in principle straightforward. It is determined by the empirical phenomenon that is investigated and the material that is collected about it. What is said in the interviews or in other connections, what is recorded on paper or what can be observed. In short, the artifacts determine what is significant, not the researcher. This is a good principle, even if it cannot be carried out completely. Of course the researcher makes a difference but this does not mean that he cannot give the artifacts a big room to speak for themselves. Entstehung- Emergence Entstehung is translated into Emergence- the instant of arising, but we are not looking for a particular point in history where a given reasonability, which from then has controlled everything is established. It is more tactical. It designates the endeavor of particular forces in particular points in time. The analysis of the Entstehung must demarcate this interaction. Enstehung is the access of forces. Often, but not necessarily, only engraved in the peripheral areas of the material. In Foucaults word it is the leap from the wings to the center stage. The Entstehung denominate the place where different systems of power/knowledge meet face-to-face. Not necessarily with a big bang but yes. The confrontation can be much humbler and seem trivial at a first skim. Further, the power/knowledge systems are not necessarily equal. Often the places of the Entstehung are not manifested vividly in the material. This relates to the gnarled or tricky part of revealing marginalized knowledge. The Entstehung provides a seldom opportunity where some of the marginalized voices are not quiescent, which is one of the main reasons that the analysis of the Entstehung is highly important. Genealogy vs. Traditional History In the fifth section, Foucault abridged the methodological differences between a history based in geneaology (a Nietzschian history) and a traditional history, or the historians history. For Foucault, these differences remain in the sensibility the historian/genealogist takes toward the work. The historians history implicit a metaphysical continuity between past and present, a suprahistorical perspective that seeks to reconcile disparity through apocalyptic objectivity. The traditional historian keeps their body outside of history and relies on a myriad of distances and heights: the noblest periods, the highest forms [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] adopting the famous perspective of frogs. Genealogical history, however, is an effective history (a history of effects?), dispossess itself of the affirmation of progress and genesis, as genealogy is the examination of both Herkunft (Descent) and Entstehung(Emergence). It deprives the self of the bolstering or reassuring the stability of life and nature , and it will not permit itself to be transported by a voiceless intractability toward a millennial ending. This is because knowledge is not made for understanding; it is made for cutting. This manner of history studies those things nearest it-the body and all imminent-and demands consciousness of its own perspective: it has no dread of looking down, so as long as it understands that it looks from above. It doesnt seek to recount the birth of truth and values in the service of philosophy, but operates as a differential knowledge of energies and failings [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] a curative science. It concurs knowledge as perspective-and as with any case of perspective, where one stands are the most relevant and important point. Note on the Author Genealogy is shrewd and interpretive. It does not presume to be naive. The  author must try to define his stand in regard to subject of analysis. Where is he, the author, talking from? Genealogy is a very much demanding approach. This augments the obligation of the author to describe as clearly as plausible his own stand/position in the game.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Essay -- Facility Ownership Finances Accounti

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation. Lowest life-cycle cost (LCC) is the most straightforward and easy-to-interpret measure of economic evaluation. Some other commonly used measures are Net Savings (or Net Benefits), Savings-to-Investment Ratio (or Savings Benefit-to-Cost Ratio), Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period. They are consistent with the Lowest LCC measure of evaluation if they use the same parameters and length of study period. Building economists, certified value specialists, cost engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, operations researchers, and others might use any or several of these techniques to evaluate a project. The approach to making cost-effective choices for building-related projects can be quite similar whether it is called cost estimating, value engineering, or economic analysis. DESCRIPTION A. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Method The purpose of an LCCA is to estimate the overall costs of project alternatives and to select the design that ensures the facility will provide the lowest overall cost of ownership consistent with its quality and function. The LCCA should be performed early in the design process while there is still a chance to refine the design to ensure a reduction in life-cycle costs (LCC). The first and most challenging task of an LCCA, or any economic evaluation method, is to determine the economic effects of alternative designs of buildings and building systems and to quantify these effects and express them in dollar amounts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viewed over a 30 year period, initial building costs account for approximately just 2% of the total, while operations and maintenance costs equal 6%, and personnel costs equal ... ..., Design, and Development Process, Cost-Effective—Use Economic Analysis to Evaluate Facility Investment Decisions, Cost-Effective—Consider Non-Monetary Benefits such as Aesthetics, Historic Preservation, Security, and Safety, Sustainable, Productive, Functional Publications Building Economics: Theory and Practice by Rosalie T. Ruegg and Harold E. Marshall. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Annual Supplement to Handbook 135 by Sieglinde K. Fuller, Amy S. Rushing, and Laura I. Schultz. NISTIR 85-3273-19. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2004. Also available from the DOE/FEMP Help Desk at 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463). Engineering Economy by G. J. Thuesen and W. J. Fabrycky. Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-277491-7. GSA LEED ® Cost Study Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program by Sieglinde Fuller and S.R. Petersen. NIST Handbook 135. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. Simplified Energy Design Economics by Harold E. Marshall and Rosalie T. Ruegg. NBS SP 544. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards, January 1980.

How Gender Roles Are Represented Within Harry Potter

There is a lot of gender representation in The Order of the Phoenix although this is not done purposely by the author, J. K. Rolling where there is a much larger group of main characters who are female. More often than not the male characters are depicted as more fun and easy going throughout the books especially In the first book when Heroine followed the rules to the letter, one of her most memorable lines being, before you get us killed or worse expelled†.However as the series continues Heroine becomes a egger rule breaker than Ron and Harry themselves I. E. Wealth the second book she convinces the other two to â€Å"break about 50 school rules† to discover who was behind the Chamber of Secrets. She Is always shown as the ‘brain' of the group and most of the time she doesn't even have to use magic to help the trio I. E. In the Goblet of Fire she aids Harry to help him win the tournament. Heroine is one of the most noted characters in the book with other characte rs even looking up to her or being awed by her skills I. E. Hen Ron says â€Å"We just haven't got your brains or your memory or your incarceration† or when Monoclonal says to Harry and Ron â€Å"I'm glad you listen to Heroine Granger at any rate† she is referring to the fact the Harry and Ron don't really care to listen to what happens never mind the deeper meaning behind what is being said and that they are more than lucky to have Heroine. The house system is sorted into different categories; Gratifying for the brave, Slithering for the pure blooded and cunning, Reverence for the cleverest and most intellectual and Hopefulness for anybody who could do magic. In the Order of the Phoenix during aTumbleweed's Army practice Terry Boot (a Reverence) says to Heroine, â€Å"How come you're not in Reverence†¦ With brains like yours? † Overall Heroine is generally represented as the backbone of the ‘Golden Trio', who is not only clever and smart but extremel y brave and powerful character. She is shown to be brave in the final book more than any other because here she and Ron tell Harry that they are going to go with him no matter what the consequences are, nearly getting themselves killed. And In the process Heroine had to Impersonate Belletrist Lagrange and was tortured horrifically by her to.

Bacteria Growing

Bacteria grows everywhere and there is no way to hide from it. Bacteria can be harmful, but most are not. They're strategies to help kill bacteria on human skin. The answer is soap. It doesn't matter if the bacteria is from its natural source or a petri dish. There is always a cleaning substance out there ready to kill the bacteria that grows on our body and other places in the world. People wonder what soap works the best and why it works the best. Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with understanding bacteria. A great deal of research has been done to figure out what kills bacteria. Scientist at the University of Toronto did research and believe that hand sanitizer works the best (Hall, 2012). Bacteria is everywhere and scientist want to find the best resources to kill it fast and well. Cleaning agents are hard to find, but they are worth it when human hands end up clean. There are many substances that are used to wash your hands, but only some are used to kill bacteria. Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microorganisms. Bacteria grow when one cell splits into two during a process called binary fission. This can happen in a matter of twenty minutes (How to Grow Bacteria, 2017). Bacteria grow in sets, one becomes two, two becomes four, four becomes eight, and so on (Bacteria, n.d.). Bacteria can be harmful to the human body. That is why it is very important to keep clean. Bacteria can be grown using agar. Agar does not grow bacteria on it's own. Agar is a red algae, that when it is mixed with water turns into a gel. Growing bacteria in petri dishes work better because it provides the nutrients and moisture to help it grow. Bacteria grow better in a moist and warm environment. Usually, water and oil don't mix. This causes water and oil to separate into two different layers. Soap then breaks up the oil into smaller pieces so it can mix with the water.This works because soap has molecules with two different ends. The first end of the soap molecule loves water. Which is called hydrophilic. The other end hates water and is called hydrophobic. Hydrophilic ends will attach to the oil, as hydrophobic ends attach to the water. The drops of oil will then be removed under the running water. Soap causes bodies to be free of dirt and grease (Biology, n.d.). This is an important process when washing your hands. Studies show that hand sanitizer and antibacterial soap work the best. Soap removes soil and germs from hands, while sanitizer evaporates the germs and bacteria found on hands (Kania, 2011). Some people love to use the colorful, smelly soaps that come in a variety of types. Does they really kill germs? Not always. Not unless it contains antibacterial properties. Ethyl alcohol is also effective. Ethyl alcohol kills most bacteria and fungi. When putting hand sanitizer on human hands it takes between 15 and 30 seconds to kill 99.99% of bacteria, after one minute possibly 99.999% of bacteria. In order for the substance to kill that many germs, human hands need to continue to stay wet and let the substance evaporate after being used (Editors Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018). In conclusion, bacteria grows everywhere, any day, and at any time. Bacteria can be harmful to the body, but bodies have immune systems to fight them off. Keeping clean is very important in order to have a healthy body. The delicious smelling soaps are not always the best. Beliefs are that hand sanitizer works the best and kills the most bacteria and fungi, although, some might think antibacterial soap does the trick. Scientist who study microbiology have made important advances in learning how to keep people safe from bacteria. Ethyl alcohol is the most important ingredient to killing bacteria. Always keep clean to keep the harmful bacteria away.